Ikibazo: Kuki feri yo gukanda yitwa feri yo gukanda?Kuberiki utaba urupapuro rwicyuma cyangwa icyuma cyahoze?Bifitanye isano na flawheel ishaje kuri feri yubukanishi?Isazi yari ifite feri, nkiyi ku modoka, binyemerera guhagarika kugenda kwintama mbere yuko ishusho cyangwa isahani itangira, cyangwa kugabanya umuvuduko wintama mugihe cyo gukora.Feri yo gukanda yagereranyaga imashini ifite feri.Nagize amahirwe yo kumarana imyaka mike numwaka umwe, kandi imyaka myinshi natekereje niyo mpamvu izina ryimashini aricyo, ariko sinzi neza ko aribyo.Ntabwo rwose byumvikana neza, urebye ijambo "feri" ryakoreshejwe mugusobanura icyuma cyunamye mbere yuko imashini zikoreshwa.Kandi kuruhuka gukanda ntibishobora kuba ukuri, kuko ntakintu kimenetse cyangwa kimenetse.
Igisubizo: Maze imyaka myinshi nibaza kuriyi ngingo, nahisemo gukora ubushakashatsi.Mugukora mfite igisubizo namateka mato yo kwisubiraho.Reka duhere ku buryo urupapuro rwambere rwakozwe hamwe nibikoresho byakoreshejwe kugirango umurimo urangire.
Kuva kuri T-stake kugeza kuri feri ya Cornice
Mbere yuko imashini ziza, niba umuntu ashaka kugorora icyuma cyometseho icyuma cyomekeranye muburyo bukwiye bw'icyuma kumpapuro cyangwa icyitegererezo cya 3D cyerekana ishusho yicyuma;anvil;dolly;cyangwa ndetse umufuka ukora, wari wuzuye umucanga cyangwa isasu.
Ukoresheje T-igiti, umupira winyundo, umugozi wambere witwa slapper, nibikoresho byitwa ibiyiko, abacuruzi babahanga bakubise icyuma kumpapuro muburyo bwifuzwa, nko mumashusho yigituza kugirango bambare intwaro.Byari ibikorwa byintoki cyane, kandi biracyakorwa nubu mumaduka menshi yo gusana no guhimba ibihangano.
“Feri” ya mbere nkuko tubizi ni feri ya kornice yatanzwe mu 1882. Yashingiraga ku kibabi cyakoreshwaga n'intoki cyatumaga igice cy'icyuma gifatanye kigoramye ku murongo ugororotse.Igihe kirenze ibyo byahindutse mumashini tuzi uyumunsi nka feri yamababi, agasanduku na feri ya pan, hamwe nimashini zizinga.
Mugihe ubu buryo bushya bwihuta, bukora neza, kandi bwiza muburyo bwabo, ntabwo buhuye nubwiza bwimashini yumwimerere.Kuki mvuze ibi?Ni ukubera ko imashini zigezweho zidakorwa hifashishijwe intoki zikozwe mu ntoki zifatanije neza kandi zuzuye neza za oak.
Feri ya mbere ikoresha amashanyarazi yagaragaye hashize imyaka 100 gusa, muntangiriro ya 1920, hamwe nimashini zikoreshwa na flawheel.Ibyo byakurikiwe nuburyo butandukanye bwa feri ya hydromechanical na hydraulic feri yo mu myaka ya za 70 na feri yamashanyarazi mumwaka wa 2000.
Nubwo bimeze bityo, yaba feri yubukanishi cyangwa feri yubuhanga bugezweho, ni gute izo mashini zaje kwitwa feri yo gukanda?Kugira ngo dusubize icyo kibazo, tuzakenera gucengera muri etymologiya.
Feri, Kumeneka, Kumeneka, Kumena
Nkinshinga, kuvunika, gufata feri, kumena, no kumena byose biva mumagambo ya kera yabanjirije umwaka wa 900, kandi byose bisangiye inkomoko cyangwa imizi.Mu Cyongereza Kera cyari brecan;mu Cyongereza cyo Hagati cyacitse;mu Buholandi yaravunitse;mu kidage byari brechen;naho mu magambo ya Gothique yari brikan.Mu gifaransa, brac cyangwa bras bisobanura lever, ikiganza, cyangwa ukuboko, kandi ibyo byagize ingaruka kuburyo ijambo "feri" ryahindutse muburyo bwa none.
Mu kinyejana cya 15 ibisobanuro bya feri byari “igikoresho cyo kumenagura cyangwa gukubita.”Ubwanyuma ijambo "feri" ryahinduwe kimwe na "mashini," ryakomotse mugihe cyimashini zikoreshwa mu kumenagura ingano nudusimba twibihingwa.Muburyo bworoshye rero, "imashini ikanda" na "feri yo gukanda" nimwe murimwe.
Igice cya kera cyicyongereza brecan cyahindutse guhinduka, bivuze kugabanya cyane ibintu bikomeye mubice cyangwa ibice, cyangwa gusenya.Byongeye kandi, ibinyejana byinshi bishize igice cya "feri" cyashize "cyacitse."Ibi byose nukuvuga ko iyo urebye etymologiya, "kumena" na "feri" bifitanye isano ya hafi.
Ijambo "feri," nkuko rikoreshwa muguhimba ibyuma bigezweho, biva mu nshinga yo mucyongereza cyo hagati yaciwe, cyangwa ivunika, bivuze kunama, guhindura icyerekezo, cyangwa gutandukana.Urashobora kandi "kumena" mugihe wasubije inyuma umugozi wumuheto kugirango urase umwambi.Urashobora no kumena urumuri rwumucyo ukoresheje indorerwamo.
Ninde washyize 'Presse' muri feri y'itangazamakuru?
Ubu tuzi aho ijambo "feri" riva, none bite kubanyamakuru?Nibyo, hari ibindi bisobanuro bitajyanye ninsanganyamatsiko yacu, nkubunyamakuru cyangwa gutangaza.Kuruhande, ijambo "kanda" - gusobanura imashini tuzi uyumunsi - rituruka he?
Ahagana mu 1300, “presse” yakoreshejwe nk'izina risobanura “guhonyora cyangwa guterana.”Mu mpera z'ikinyejana cya 14, “gukanda” byari bimaze kuba igikoresho cyo gukanda imyenda cyangwa gukuramo umutobe w'inzabibu na elayo.
Kuva aha, "kanda" byahindutse bisobanura imashini cyangwa uburyo bukoresha imbaraga mukunyunyuza.Mubisabwa nuwabihimbye, gukubita no gupfa bishobora kwitwa "imashini" zikoresha imbaraga kumpapuro zikanatera kunama.
Kunama, gufata feri
Ngaho rero.Inshinga “feri,” nkuko ikoreshwa mu maduka y'ibyuma, ikomoka ku nshinga yo mu Cyongereza cyo hagati isobanura “kunama.”Mu mikoreshereze igezweho, feri ni imashini yunama.Gushyingiranwa na modifier isobanura icyakora imashini, ibikoresho bikoreshwa mugukora igihangano, cyangwa ubwoko bwimigozi imashini ikora, hanyuma ukabona amazina yacu agezweho kubintu bitandukanye byamabati hamwe nimashini zunama.
Feri ya kornice (yitiriwe kornike ishobora gutanga) hamwe na feri yamababi ya kijyambere ya mubyara ikoresha ikibabi kizamuka hejuru, cyangwa agafuni, kugirango gikore.Agasanduku na feri y'isafuriya, nanone bita feri y'urutoki, ikora ubwoko bwimigozi ikenewe kugirango habeho udusanduku n'amasafuriya mu gukora icyuma cy'urupapuro ruzengurutse intoki zigabanijwe zifatanije n'urwasaya rwo hejuru rw'imashini.Hanyuma, muri feri yabanyamakuru, imashini (hamwe nugukubita no gupfa) ikora feri (yunamye).
Mugihe tekinoroji yunamye yateye imbere, twongeyeho abahindura.Twavuye kuri feri yintoki tujya kuri feri yubukanishi, feri ya hydromechanical feri, feri ya hydraulic feri, na feri yamashanyarazi.Nubwo bimeze bityo, uko wabyita kose, feri yo gukanda ni imashini gusa yo kumenagura, gukanda, cyangwa - kubwintego zacu - kunama.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Kanama-27-2021