MAGNABEND - GUKORA CIRCUIT
Ububiko bw'urupapuro rwa Magnabend bwashizweho nka DC ifata amashanyarazi.
Umuzunguruko woroshye usabwa kugirango utware amashanyarazi ya magnetiki agizwe na switch hamwe nogukosora ikiraro gusa:
Igishushanyo 1: Inzira ntoya:
Ni ngombwa kumenya ko switch ya ON / OFF ihujwe kuruhande rwa AC yumuzingi.Ibi bituma amashanyarazi ya inductive azenguruka binyuze muri diode mu kiraro gikosora ikiraro nyuma yo kuzimya kugeza igihe ibyangirika bikabije kugeza kuri zeru.
(Diode iri mu kiraro ikora nka "kuguruka-inyuma" diode).
Kubikorwa byizewe kandi byoroshye birakenewe ko habaho umuzunguruko utanga intoki-2 kandi gufunga ibyiciro 2.Guhuza amaboko 2 bifasha kumenya neza ko intoki zidashobora gufatwa munsi yigitambambuga kandi clamping yatanzwe itanga intangiriro yoroshye kandi ikanemerera ukuboko kumwe gufata ibintu mumwanya kugeza mbere yo gufatana gukora.
Igishushanyo 2: Kuzenguruka hamwe no gufunga ibyiciro 2:
Iyo buto ya START ikandagiye voltage ntoya itangwa kuri magnet coil ikoresheje capacitori ya AC bityo bikabyara ingaruka zo gufunga urumuri.Ubu buryo bwitondewe bwo kugabanya ikigezweho kuri coil ntabwo kirimo imbaraga zikomeye zo gukwirakwiza mubikoresho bigabanya (capacitor).
Clamping yuzuye iboneka mugihe byombi Bending Beam ikoreshwa na bouton ya START ikorera hamwe.
Mubisanzwe buto ya START yasunikwa mbere (ukoresheje ukuboko kwi bumoso) hanyuma ikiganza cyurumuri rugoramye gikururwa nundi kuboko.Kwuzuza byuzuye ntibizabaho keretse habaye guhuzagurika mubikorwa bya 2 byahinduwe.Nyamara iyo clamping yuzuye imaze gushingwa ntabwo ari ngombwa gukomeza gufata buto ya START.
Magnetism isigaye
Ikibazo gito ariko gikomeye hamwe na mashini ya Magnabend, kimwe na electro-magnesi nyinshi, nikibazo cya magnetisime isigaye.Numubare muto wa magnetisme usigara nyuma ya magneti ahindutse OFF.Itera clamp-bar kuguma idakomeye ku mubiri wa magneti bityo bigatuma gukuraho akazi bigorana.
Gukoresha ibyuma byoroshye byoroshye ni bumwe muburyo bushoboka bwo gutsinda magnetisime isigaye.
Nyamara ibi bikoresho biragoye kubona mubunini bwimigabane kandi nanone biroroshye kumubiri bivuze ko byangirika byoroshye mumashini yunamye.
Kwinjiza icyuho kitari magnetique mumuzunguruko wa magneti birashoboka ko aribwo buryo bworoshye bwo kugabanya magnetisime asigaye.Ubu buryo ni ingirakamaro kandi biroroshye kubigeraho mumubiri wahimbwe - shyiramo gusa ikarito cyangwa aluminiyumu igera kuri 0.2mm yuburebure hagati yo kuvuga inkingi yimbere nigice cyambere mbere yo guhuza ibice bya magneti.Inzitizi nyamukuru yubu buryo nuko icyuho kitari magnetique kigabanya flux iboneka kuri clamping yuzuye.Na none ntabwo bigororotse kugirango ushiremo icyuho mumubiri umwe rukuruzi nkuko bikoreshwa muburyo bwa E-magnet.
Umwanya wo kubogama, byakozwe na coil yingoboka, nuburyo bwiza.Ariko ikubiyemo ibintu bidasanzwe bidafite ishingiro mugukora coil ndetse no mukuzunguruka kugenzura, nubwo yakoreshejwe mugihe gito mugushushanya kwa Magnabend kare.
Kunyeganyega kwangirika ("kuvuza") ni uburyo bwiza cyane bwa demagnetising.
Aya mafoto ya oscilloscope yerekana imbaraga za voltage (hejuru yumurongo) hamwe nubu (epfo na ruguru) muri coil ya Magnabend hamwe na capacitor ikwiranye nayo kugirango ikore.(Isoko rya AC ryazimye hafi hagati yishusho).
Ishusho yambere ni iyumuzunguruko wa magneti ufunguye, utagira clampbar kuri magnet.Ishusho ya kabiri ni iyumuzingi wa magneti ufunze, hamwe nuburebure bwuzuye clampbar kuri magnet.
Ku ishusho ya mbere, voltage yerekana kwangirika kwangirika (kuvuza) kandi niko bigenda (inzira yo hepfo), ariko ku ishusho ya kabiri imbaraga zidahungabana kandi nubu ntizishobora no guhinduka na gato.Ibi bivuze ko ntihazabaho ihungabana rya magnetiki flux bityo ntihabeho gukuraho magnetisme asigaye.
Ikibazo nuko magnet yangiritse cyane, bitewe ahanini nigihombo cya eddy kiri mubyuma, bityo ikibabaje nuko ubu buryo budakorera Magnabend.
Kunyeganyezwa ku gahato ni ikindi gitekerezo.Niba magnet yangiritse cyane kuburyo idashobora kwinyeganyeza noneho birashobora guhatirwa kunyeganyezwa nizunguruka zikora zitanga ingufu nkuko bisabwa.Ibi kandi byakorewe ubushakashatsi bwimbitse kuri Magnabend.Ingaruka nyamukuru yacyo nuko irimo uruziga rugoye cyane.
Reverse-pulse demagnetising nuburyo bwerekanye ko buhenze cyane kuri Magnabend.Ibisobanuro birambuye kuri iki gishushanyo byerekana imirimo yumwimerere ikorwa na Magnetic Engineering Pty Ltd Ikiganiro kirambuye gikurikira:
REVERSE-PULSE DEMAGNETISING
Intego yiki gitekerezo nukubika ingufu muri capacitor hanyuma ukayirekura muri coil nyuma yuko magneti azimye.Ubuharike bugomba kumera kuburyo capacitor izatera impinduka zinyuranye muri coil.Ingano yingufu zibitswe muri capacitor zirashobora guhuzwa kugirango zihagije kugirango uhagarike magnetisime isigaye.(Imbaraga nyinshi zishobora kurenza urugero no kongera gukwega magneti muburyo bunyuranye).
Iyindi nyungu yuburyo bwa revers-pulse nuko itanga demagnetising yihuta cyane kandi ikarekura ako kanya clampbar ivuye kuri magneti.Ibi ni ukubera ko atari ngombwa gutegereza ko coil yamashanyarazi ibora kugeza kuri zeru mbere yo guhuza pulse.Mugukoresha impiswi ya coil ihatirwa kuri zeru (hanyuma igasubira inyuma) byihuse cyane kurenza ibisanzwe byangirika byari kuba.
Igishushanyo 3: Shingiro Yinyuma-Impanuka
Noneho, mubisanzwe, gushyira uburyo bwo guhuza hagati yikosora na coil ya magnet "ni ugukina numuriro".
Ibi ni ukubera ko inductive current idashobora guhagarikwa gitunguranye.Niba aribyo noneho abahuza bahuza bazaba arc kandi switch izangirika cyangwa irimburwe rwose.(Mikoranike ihwanye nayo yaba igerageza guhagarika giturumbuka).
Rero, icyaricyo cyose cyateguwe kigomba gutanga inzira ifatika ya coil yamashanyarazi igihe cyose, harimo na milisegonda nkeya mugihe umuhuza ahinduka hejuru ..
Umuzunguruko wavuzwe haruguru, ugizwe na capacator 2 gusa na diode 2 (hiyongereyeho na relay ihuza), ugera kumurimo wo kwishyuza ububiko bwububiko kuri voltage itari nziza (ugereranije kuruhande rwa coil) kandi ikanatanga ubundi buryo bwa coil ikigezweho mugihe relay ihuza iri kuguruka.
Uburyo ikora:
Muri rusange D1 na C2 bikora nka pompe yishyuza kuri C1 mugihe D2 ni clamp ya diode ifata ingingo B itagenda neza.
Mugihe magnet ari kuri relay ihuza izahuzwa na "bisanzwe bifungura" (OYA) hanyuma magnet azakora akazi kayo gasanzwe ko gufunga urupapuro.Pompe yishyurwa izaba irimo kwishyuza C1 yerekeza kuri voltage itari nziza ihwanye nubunini na voltage ya coil.Umuvuduko kuri C1 uziyongera cyane ariko uzishyurwa byuzuye mugihe cya 1/2 isegonda.
Hanyuma iguma muri iyo leta kugeza imashini ihinduwe.
Ako kanya nyuma yo kuzimya relay ifata mugihe gito.Muri iki gihe, amashanyarazi menshi cyane azakomeza kuzenguruka kuri diode mu gukosora ikiraro.Noneho, nyuma yo gutinda hafi milisegonda 30 relay itumanaho izatangira gutandukana.Umuyoboro wa coil ntushobora kongera gukurura diode ikosora ahubwo ugasanga inzira ya C1, D1, na C2.Icyerekezo cyubu kigezweho nuko kizarushaho kongera amafaranga mabi kuri C1 kandi kizatangira kwishyuza C2 nayo.
Agaciro ka C2 gakeneye kuba nini bihagije kugirango igenzure igipimo cyizamuka rya voltage hejuru yugurura relay kugirango urebe ko arc idakora.Agaciro ka micro-farad zigera kuri 5 kuri amp ya coil ihagije irahagije kubisanzwe bisanzwe.
Igishushanyo cya 4 hepfo kirerekana ibisobanuro birambuye kumirongo iboneka mugice cya mbere cyamasegonda nyuma yo guhinduka.Umuvuduko wa voltage urimo kugenzurwa na C2 bigaragara neza kumurongo utukura hagati yishusho, wanditseho "Relay contact on fly".(Igihe nyacyo cyo kuguruka kirashobora gukurwa kuriyi nzira; ni ms 1.5).
Mugihe armature ya relay igeze kumurongo wacyo wa NC ubushobozi bwo kubika nabi bwashizwe hamwe na magnet coil.Ibi ntabwo bihita bihindura ibishishwa bya coil ariko ikigezweho ubu kirimo "hejuru" bityo rero gihita cyihuta kuri zeru no kugana ku mpinga mbi ibaho nka ms 80 nyuma yo guhuza ububiko bwububiko.(Reba Ishusho 5).Umuyoboro mubi uzatera ibintu bibi muri magneti bizahagarika magnetisime isigaye kandi clampbar hamwe nibikorwa bizasohoka vuba.
Igishushanyo 4: Umuyoboro wagutse
Igishushanyo 5: Umuvuduko na Waveforms Zigezweho kuri Magnet Coil
Igicapo 5 hejuru kirerekana imbaraga za voltage nuburyo bugezweho kuri coil ya magnet mugice kibanziriza-clamping, icyiciro cyuzuye cyo gufunga, nicyiciro cya demagnetising.
Byatekerejweho ko ubworoherane nubushobozi bwuyu muzunguruko wa demagnetising bigomba gusobanura ko uzabona porogaramu mubindi bikoresho bya electronique bikenera demagnetising.Nubwo magnetisime isigaye atari ikibazo uyu muzunguruko urashobora kuba ingirakamaro cyane kugirango ugabanye amashanyarazi kuri zeru byihuse bityo bigatanga irekurwa byihuse.
Inzira ya Magnabend ifatika:
Ibitekerezo byumuzunguruko byavuzwe haruguru birashobora guhurizwa mumuzunguruko wuzuye hamwe no gufatisha amaboko yombi hamwe no guhinduranya pulse demagnetising nkuko bigaragara hano hepfo (Ishusho 6):
Igishushanyo 6: Uruziga rukomatanyije
Uyu muzunguruko uzakora ariko ikibabaje nuko hari aho utizewe.
Kugirango ubone ibikorwa byizewe kandi uhindure ubuzima burakenewe ni ngombwa kongeramo ibice byinyongera kumurongo wibanze nkuko bigaragara hano (Ishusho 7):
Igishushanyo 7: Umuzunguruko uhujwe hamwe no kunonosorwa
SW1:
Ubu ni 2-pole itandukanya.Yongeweho kugirango byorohe kandi yubahirize ibipimo byamashanyarazi.Hifujwe kandi ko iyi switch yinjizamo urumuri rwa neon rwerekana ON / OFF imiterere yumuzunguruko.
D3 na C4:
Hatabayeho D3 gufunga relay ntabwo byizewe kandi biterwa nuko bigenda bikurikirana mugice cyimikorere ya fonctionnement mugihe cyo gukora cyumuti uhetamye.D3 itangiza gutinda (mubisanzwe amasegonda 30 milli) mumanuka woherejwe.Ibi biratsinda ikibazo cyo gufunga kandi ni byiza no gutinda guta mbere gato yo gutangira impanuka ya demagnetising (nyuma mukuzenguruka).C4 itanga AC guhuza umuzenguruko wa relay ubundi bikaba igice cya kabiri cyumuzunguruko mugufi mugihe buto ya START yakanda.
THERM.SWITCH:
Iyi switch ifite amazu yayo ahuye numubiri wa rukuruzi kandi izajya ifunguka niba magneti ashyushye cyane (> 70 C).Gushyira murukurikirane hamwe na coil ya relay bivuze ko igomba gusa guhinduranya umuyaga muto unyuze muri coil aho kuba magnet yuzuye.
R2:
Iyo buto ya START ikanda relay irakurura hanyuma hazabaho umuvuduko wihuta wishyuza C3 ukoresheje ikosora ikiraro, C2 na diode D2.Hatariho R2 ntihari kubaho guhangana muriyi mizunguruko kandi ibisubizo bihanitse bishobora kwangiza imikoranire muri switch ya START.
Na none, hari ubundi buryo bwumuzunguruko aho R2 itanga uburinzi: Niba guhinduranya urumuri (SW2) rwimutse ruva kuri NO terminal (aho rwaba rutwaye rukuruzi rwuzuye) rugana kuri NC, noneho akenshi arc yashiraho kandi niba the START switch yari ikiri muri iki gihe noneho C3 mubyukuri yari kuzenguruka mugihe gito, kandi bitewe nubunini bwa voltage yari kuri C3, noneho ibi bishobora kwangiza SW2.Nyamara na none R2 yagabanya iyi miyoboro ngufi yumuzingi kugiciro cyiza.R2 ikenera agaciro gake cyane (mubisanzwe 2 oms) kugirango itange uburinzi buhagije.
Varistor:
Varistor, ihujwe hagati ya AC ya terefone ikosora, mubisanzwe ntacyo ikora.Ariko niba hari umuvuduko mwinshi kuri moteri (bitewe nurugero - gukubita inkuba hafi) noneho varistor izakuramo ingufu mumashanyarazi kandi irinde umuvuduko wa voltage kwangiza ikosora ikiraro.
R1:
Niba buto ya START yagombaga gukanda mugihe cya demagnetising pulse noneho birashoboka ko byatera arc kumurongo wa relay nayo igahita iba hafi ya C1 (capacitori yo kubika).Ingufu za capacitor zijugunywa mumuzunguruko ugizwe na C1, ikosora ikiraro hamwe na arc muri relay.Hatariho R1 harikibazo gito cyane muriki cyerekezo bityo ikigezweho cyaba kinini cyane kandi cyaba gihagije cyo gusudira umubano muri relay.R1 itanga uburinzi muribi bihe (bimwe bidasanzwe).
Icyitonderwa kidasanzwe re Guhitamo R1:
Niba amaherezo yasobanuwe haruguru abaye noneho R1 izakuramo imbaraga zose zabitswe muri C1 utitaye ku gaciro nyako ka R1.Turashaka ko R1 iba nini ugereranije nizindi nzitizi zumuzunguruko ariko ntoya ugereranije no kurwanya coil ya Magnabend (bitabaye ibyo R1 byagabanya imikorere ya pulse demagnetising).Agaciro kangana na 5 kugeza 10 oms byaba bikwiye ariko ni izihe mbaraga R1 igomba kugira?Icyo dukeneye rwose kwerekana ni imbaraga za pulse, cyangwa igipimo cyingufu za résistor.Ariko ibi biranga ntabwo bisanzwe bisobanurwa kubarwanya imbaraga.Imbaraga nke zirwanya imbaraga mubisanzwe ni insinga-twakomerekeje kandi twiyemeje ko ikintu cyingenzi cyo gushakisha muri iyi rezistor ari umubare winsinga nyazo zikoreshwa mukubaka.Ugomba gucamo fungura icyitegererezo kandi ukapima igipimo n'uburebure bw'insinga zikoreshwa.Uhereye kubara iyi mibare yose yinsinga hanyuma uhitemo résistoriste byibuze mm 20 ya wire.
(Kurugero 6.8 ohm / 11 watt résistoriste ya RS Ibigize wasangaga ifite insinga ya 24mm3).
Kubwamahirwe ibyo bice byinyongera ni bito mubunini nigiciro bityo rero ongeraho amadorari make kubiciro rusange byamashanyarazi ya Magnabend.
Hariho akantu kiyongereye k'umuzunguruko utaraganirwaho.Ibi biratsinda ikibazo gito ugereranije:
Niba buto ya START ikanda kandi idakurikiwe no gukurura ku ntoki (ubundi itanga clamping yuzuye) noneho capacitor yo kubika ntizishyurwa byuzuye kandi pulse ya demagnetising itanga ibisubizo byo kurekura buto ya START ntabwo izatesha agaciro imashini. .Clampbar yakomeza kuguma kuri mashini kandi ibyo byaba ari bibi.
Kwiyongera kwa D4 na R3, byerekanwe mubururu ku gishushanyo cya 8 hepfo, kugaburira imiyoboro ikwiranye n’umuzunguruko wa pompe kugirango wizere ko C1 yishyurwa kabone niyo gufunga byuzuye bidakoreshejwe.(Agaciro ka R3 ntabwo ari ngombwa - 220 ohms / 10 watt yakwira imashini nyinshi).
Igishushanyo 8: Kuzenguruka hamwe na Demagnetise nyuma ya "Tangira" gusa:
Kubindi bisobanuro bijyanye nibice byumuzunguruko nyamuneka reba igice cyibice muri "Wiyubake Magnabend yawe"
Ku mpamvu zerekana ibishushanyo mbonera byuzuye bya 240 Volt AC, E-Ubwoko bwa Magnabend imashini yakozwe na Magnetic Engineering Pty Ltd irerekanwa hepfo.
Menya ko kubikorwa kuri 115 VAC indangagaciro nyinshi zigomba guhinduka.
Magnetic Engineering yahagaritse gukora imashini za Magnabend mu 2003 ubwo ubucuruzi bwagurishwaga.
Icyitonderwa: Ikiganiro cyavuzwe haruguru cyari kigamije gusobanura amahame yingenzi yimikorere yumuzunguruko kandi ntabwo ibisobanuro byose byavuzwe.Imirongo yuzuye yerekanwe hejuru nayo yashyizwe mubitabo bya Magnabend biboneka ahandi kururu rubuga.
Twabibutsa kandi ko twateje imbere byimazeyo leta ya verisiyo yumuzunguruko wakoreshaga IGBTs aho kwifashisha kugirango uhindure ikigezweho.
Inzira ikomeye ya leta ntabwo yigeze ikoreshwa mumashini iyo ari yo yose ya Magnabend ahubwo yakoreshwaga kuri magnesi zidasanzwe twakoraga kumurongo.Iyi mirongo yo kubyara ubusanzwe yahinduye ibintu 5.000 (nkumuryango wa firigo) kumunsi.
Magnetic Engineering yahagaritse gukora imashini za Magnabend mu 2003 ubwo ubucuruzi bwagurishwaga.
Nyamuneka koresha umurongo wa Contact Alan kururu rubuga kugirango ushakishe amakuru menshi.