MAGNABEND - IBITEKEREZO BY'INGENZI
Igishushanyo Cyibanze cya Magneti
Imashini ya Magnabend yateguwe nka rukuruzi ikomeye ya DC ifite inshingano zingana.
Imashini igizwe n'ibice 3 by'ibanze: -
Umubiri wa rukuruzi ugize ishingiro ryimashini kandi urimo coil ya electro-magnet.
Clamp bar itanga inzira ya magnetiki itemba hagati yinkingi ya magneti, hanyuma igahuza urupapuro rwakazi.
Igiti kigoramye cyerekejwe kumpera yimbere yumubiri wa magneti kandi gitanga uburyo bwo gukoresha imbaraga zunamye kumurimo.
Imiterere ya Magnet-Umubiri
Iboneza bitandukanye birashoboka kumubiri wa magneti.
Dore 2 zagiye zikoreshwa mumashini ya Magnabend:
Imirongo itukura yacagaguye mubishushanyo hejuru byerekana inzira ya magnetiki flux.Menya ko igishushanyo cya "U-Ubwoko" gifite inzira imwe (inzira imwe ya pole) mugihe igishushanyo cya "E-Type" gifite inzira 2 zuzuye (2 jambo yinkingi).
Kugereranya Magneti Kugereranya:
Imiterere ya E-Ubwoko irakora neza kuruta U-bwoko bwa U.
Kugira ngo wumve impamvu ibi aribyo rero reba ibishushanyo bibiri hepfo.
Ibumoso hari igice cyambukiranya U-bwoko bwa magneti naho iburyo ni E-magneti yakozwe muguhuza 2 yubwoko bumwe.Niba buri rukuruzi ya magneti itwarwa na coil hamwe na ampere-imwe imwe noneho biragaragara ko magneti yikubye kabiri (E-ubwoko) azagira imbaraga zo gukuba kabiri.Irakoresha kandi ibyuma byikubye kabiri ariko bigoye cyane insinga kuri coil!(Dufashe igishushanyo kirekire).
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Super Magnabend:
Kubaka urusaku rukomeye cyane "E" igitekerezo gishobora kwagurwa nkiyi miterere ya E-kabiri:
Icyitegererezo cya 3-D:
Hasi nigishushanyo cya 3-D cyerekana gahunda yibanze yibice muri U-magnet:
Muri iki gishushanyo Imbere n'inyuma ni ibice bitandukanye kandi bifatanye na bolts kuri Core igice.
Nubwo mubisanzwe, byashobokaga gukora imashini ya U yo mu bwoko bwa magneti kuva mugice kimwe cyicyuma, ntibishoboka rero ko ushyiraho coil bityo igiceri kigomba gukomeretsa mumwanya (kumubiri wa rukuruzi rukora ).
Mubihe byumusaruro birakenewe cyane ko ushobora guhinduranya ibishishwa bitandukanye (kubidasanzwe).Gutyo, ubwoko bwa U butegeka neza ubwubatsi bwahimbwe.
Kurundi ruhande, ubwoko bwa E bwishushanya neza kumubiri wa magneti ukozwe mugice kimwe cyicyuma kuko igiceri cyakozwe mbere gishobora gushyirwaho byoroshye nyuma yumubiri wa magneti.Umubiri umwe rukumbi wa magneti nawo ukora neza rukuruzi kuko udafite icyuho cyubaka cyagabanya ubundi buryo bwo kugabanya imbaraga za rukuruzi (hanyuma imbaraga zo gufatana) gato.
(Magnabends nyinshi yakozwe nyuma ya 1990 yakoresheje igishushanyo cya E).
Guhitamo Ibikoresho Kubaka Magneti
Umubiri wa rukuruzi hamwe na clampbar bigomba gukorwa mubintu bya ferromagnetic (magnetisable).Ibyuma ni ibikoresho bya ferromagnetiki bihendutse kandi ni amahitamo agaragara.Icyakora hariho ibyuma bitandukanye bidasanzwe biboneka bishobora gutekerezwa.
1) Icyuma cya Silicon: Ibyuma birwanya ubukana busanzwe buboneka mumatara yoroheje kandi bikoreshwa muri transformateur ya AC, magnetiki ya AC, relay nibindi. Imiterere yabyo ntabwo isabwa kuri Magnabend ariryo rukuruzi ya DC.
2) Icyuma cyoroshye: Ibi bikoresho byerekana magnetisime isigaye byaba byiza kumashini ya Magnabend ariko byoroshye kumubiri bivuze ko byoroshye kandi byangiritse;nibyiza gukemura ikibazo cya magnetism gisigaye mubundi buryo.
3) Shira icyuma: Ntabwo byoroshye gukoreshwa nkibyuma bizunguruka ariko birashobora gutekerezwa.
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6) Icyuma giciriritse giciriritse, andika K1045: Ibi bikoresho birakwiriye rwose kubaka magnet, (nibindi bice bya mashini).Birakomeye muburyo butangwa kandi nayo ikora neza.
7) Ubwoko bwa Carbon Steel Ubwoko bwa CS1020: Iki cyuma nticyoroshye nka K1045 ariko kiroroshye kuboneka bityo rero gishobora kuba amahitamo meza yo kubaka imashini ya Magnabend.
Menya ko ibintu byingenzi bisabwa ari:
Magnetisation yuzuye.(Ibyuma byinshi bivanze byuzura hafi ya Tesla 2),
Kuboneka kubice byingirakamaro ingano,
Kurwanya ibyangiritse,
Imashini, kandi
Igiciro cyumvikana.
Icyuma giciriritse giciriritse gihuye nibisabwa byose.Icyuma gito cya karubone nacyo gishobora gukoreshwa ariko ntigishobora kwihanganira ibyangiritse.Hariho nandi mavuta adasanzwe, nka supermendur, afite magnetisation yuzuye ariko ntibigomba kwitabwaho kubera igiciro cyinshi cyane ugereranije nicyuma.
Icyuma giciriritse giciriritse ariko cyerekana magnetisime isigaye ihagije kugirango ibe mbi.(Reba igice kuri Magnetisme isigaye).
Igiceri
Igiceri nicyo gitwara magnetising flux ikurura electromagnet.Imbaraga za rukuruzi zayo nigicuruzwa cyumubare wimpinduka (N) hamwe na coil (I).Gutyo:
N = umubare wimpinduka
I = ikigezweho.
Kugaragara kwa "N" muburyo bwavuzwe haruguru biganisha ku myumvire mibi.
Biravugwa cyane ko kongera umubare wimpinduka bizongera imbaraga za rukuruzi ariko muri rusange ibi ntibibaho kuko impinduka zinyongera nazo zigabanya ikigezweho, I.
Reba igiceri cyatanzwe na voltage ihamye.Niba umubare wimpinduka wikubye kabiri noneho guhangana kwizunguruka nabyo bizikuba kabiri (muri coil ndende) bityo ikizaba kabiri.Ingaruka nziza ntabwo yiyongera muri NI.
Ikigena rwose NI ni ukurwanya kuri buri mwanya.Rero kugirango wongere NI umubyimba winsinga ugomba kwiyongera.Agaciro kinyongera ni uko bagabanya ibyagezweho bityo imbaraga zo kugabanuka muri coil.
Ibishushanyo mbonera bigomba kuzirikana ko igipimo cyinsinga aricyo kigena imbaraga za rukuruzi ya coil.Nibintu byingenzi byingenzi byo gushushanya.
Igicuruzwa cya NI bakunze kwitwa "ampere ihinduka" ya coil.
Ni bangahe bahindura Ampere?
Icyuma cyerekana magnetisation yuzuye ya Tesla 2 kandi ibi bishyiraho imipaka yibanze kuburyo imbaraga zo gufatana zishobora kuboneka.
Duhereye ku gishushanyo cyavuzwe haruguru tubona ko imbaraga zumurima zisabwa kugirango tubone flux ya 2 Tesla ni 20.000 ampere-ihinduka kuri metero.
Noneho, kubishushanyo mbonera bya Magnabend, uburebure bwa flux inzira mubyuma bigera kuri 1/5 cya metero bityo bizasaba (20.000 / 5) AT kubyara ibyuzuye, ni hafi 4000 AT.
Byaba byiza uhinduye ampere nyinshi kurenza iyi kugirango magnetisation yuzuye igumane nubwo icyuho kitari magnetique (ni ukuvuga ibihangano bidafite ferrous) byinjijwe mumuzunguruko.Nyamara impinduka ya ampere irashobora kuboneka gusa mugiciro kinini cyo gukwirakwiza amashanyarazi cyangwa ikiguzi cyumuringa, cyangwa byombi.Rero hakenewe kumvikana.
Ibishushanyo bisanzwe bya Magnabend bifite coil itanga amper 3.800.
Menya ko iyi shusho idashingiye kuburebure bwimashini.Niba igishushanyo kimwe cya magnetiki gikoreshwa hejuru yuburebure bwimashini noneho birategeka ko imashini ndende zizagira impinduka nke zinsinga.Bazashushanya byinshi bigezweho ariko bazagira ibicuruzwa bimwe bya amps x bihinduka kandi bizagira imbaraga zimwe zo gufatana (hamwe no gukwirakwiza imbaraga) kuri buri gice cyuburebure.
Inshingano
Igitekerezo cyinzinguzingo ni ikintu cyingenzi muburyo bwo gukora amashanyarazi.Niba igishushanyo gitanga inshingano zirenze izikenewe noneho ntabwo ari byiza.Inshingano nyinshi zisanzwe bivuze ko hazakenerwa insinga nyinshi z'umuringa (hamwe nigiciro cyinshi) kandi / cyangwa hazabaho imbaraga nke zo gufatana kuboneka.
Icyitonderwa: Magneti yinshingano yo hejuru azagira imbaraga nke zo gukwirakwiza bivuze ko izakoresha ingufu nke bityo ikaba ihendutse gukora.Ariko, kubera ko magnet ari ON mugihe gito gusa noneho ikiguzi cyingufu zo gukora gikunze gufatwa nkigifite akamaro gake cyane.Rero, igishushanyo mbonera ni ukugira imbaraga zingana nkuko ushobora kuvaho mubijyanye no kudashyuha cyane kuri coil.(Ubu buryo burasanzwe mubishushanyo mbonera bya electromagnet).
Magnabend yagenewe umusoro wizina wa 25%.
Mubisanzwe bifata amasegonda 2 cyangwa 3 gusa kugirango ukore.Magnet izahita izimya amasegonda 8 kugeza 10 mugihe igihangano cyongeye guhindurwa kandi gihujwe no gukurikira.Niba 25% byinshingano zirenze noneho amaherezo magnet azashyuha cyane kandi ubushyuhe burenze urugero.Magneti ntizangirika ariko igomba kwemererwa gukonja muminota 30 mbere yo kongera gukoreshwa.
Uburambe bwo gukora hamwe nimashini mumurima bwerekanye ko 25% yumusoro uhagije kubakoresha bisanzwe.Mubyukuri bamwe mubakoresha basabye imbaraga zidasanzwe za mashini zifite imbaraga zo gufatira ku musoro muke.
Agace kambukiranya agace
Agace kambukiranya igice kiboneka kuri coil kizagena umubare ntarengwa winsinga zumuringa zishobora gushyirwamo. Agace kaboneka ntigomba kuba karenze ibikenewe, gahujwe no guhinduranya ampere no gukwirakwiza amashanyarazi.Gutanga umwanya munini kuri coil byanze bikunze byongera ubunini bwa magneti hanyuma bikavamo uburebure bwinzira ndende mubyuma (bizagabanya flux yose).
Igitekerezo kimwe cyerekana ko umwanya wose wa coil watanzwe mubishushanyo bigomba guhora byuzuyemo insinga z'umuringa.Niba ituzuye noneho bivuze ko magnet geometrie yashoboraga kuba nziza.
Imbaraga za Magnabend:
Igishushanyo gikurikira cyabonetse kubipimo byubushakashatsi, ariko biremeranya neza nuburyo bwo kubara.
Imbaraga zifatika zirashobora kubarwa mubare uhereye kuriyi formula:
F = imbaraga muri Newtons
B = ubwinshi bwa magnetiki flux muri Teslas
A = ubuso bwibiti muri m2
µ0 = rukuruzi ya rukuruzi ihoraho, (4π x 10-7)
Kurugero tuzabara imbaraga zo gufatira kuri flux density ya 2 Tesla:
Gutyo F = ½ (2) 2 A / µ0
Ku mbaraga kumwanya wibice (igitutu) dushobora guta "A" muburyo.
Gutyo rero Umuvuduko = 2 / µ0 = 2 / (4π x 10-7) N / m2.
Ibi biva kuri 1.590.000 N / m2.
Guhindura ibi kuri kilo imbaraga birashobora kugabanwa na g (9.81).
Gutyo: Umuvuduko = 162.080 kg / m2 = 16.2 kg / cm2.
Ibi biremeranya neza nimbaraga zapimwe kumwanya wa zeru werekanye hejuru.
Iyi shusho irashobora guhindurwa muburyo bwuzuye bwo gufatisha imashini runaka uyigwizaho agace ka mashini.Kuri moderi 1250E agace ka pole ni 125 (1.4 + 3.0 + 1.5) = 735 cm2.
Rero, igiteranyo, zeru-icyuho, imbaraga zaba (735 x 16.2) = 11,900 kg cyangwa toni 11,9;hafi toni 9.5 kuri metero y'uburebure bwa magneti.
Ubwinshi bwa Flux hamwe nigitutu cya Clamping bifitanye isano itaziguye kandi byerekanwe hano hepfo:
Imbaraga zifatika:
Mubimenyerezo izo mbaraga zo gufatira hejuru zimenyekana gusa mugihe zidakenewe (!), Nibwo bunamye ibyuma bito.Mugihe cyo kugoreka ibihangano bidafite imbaraga imbaraga zizaba nkeya nkuko bigaragara ku gishushanyo kiri hejuru, kandi (amatsiko make), nacyo ni gito mugihe uhetamye ibyuma byibyuma.Ibi ni ukubera ko imbaraga zo gufatana zikenewe kugirango zunamye zikarishye cyane kuruta izikenewe kuri radiyo.Ikibaho rero nuko uko kugoreka bigenda imbere yimbere ya clampbar yazamuye gato bityo bigatuma igihangano gikora radiyo.
Icyuho gito cyo mu kirere gikozwe gitera igihombo gito cyingufu zifata ariko imbaraga zikenewe kugirango radiyo igoramye yagabanutse cyane kuruta imbaraga za magneti.Rero ibintu bihamye ibisubizo kandi clampbar ntabwo irekura.
Ibisobanuwe haruguru nuburyo bwo kunama iyo imashini iri hafi yubunini bwayo.Niba igihangano kinini cyane cyageragejwe noneho birumvikana ko clampbar izamuka.
Iki gishushanyo cyerekana ko niba izuru ryizuru rya clampbar ryarasakaye gato, aho kuba rityaye, noneho icyuho cyumuyaga cyo kugunama cyaragabanuka.
Mubyukuri ibi nibyabaye kandi Magnabend yakozwe neza izaba ifite clampbar ifite impande zumucyo..
Uburyo bwa Marginal bwo kunanirwa kunanirwa:
Niba igoramye ryageragejwe kumurimo mwinshi cyane noneho imashini izananirwa kuyunama kuko clampbar izamuka gusa.(Kubwamahirwe ibi ntibibaho muburyo butangaje; clampbar reka reka tuceceke).
Nyamara, niba umutwaro uhetamye urenze gato kurenza ubushobozi bwo kugunama kwa magneti noneho muri rusange ibiba ni uko kugoreka bizakomeza kuvuga nka dogere 60 hanyuma clampbar itangire kunyerera inyuma.Muri ubu buryo bwo kunanirwa rukuruzi irashobora gusa kunanira umutwaro uhetamye mu buryo butaziguye mu gutera amakimbirane hagati yakazi nigitanda cya magneti.
Itandukaniro ryubunini hagati yo kunanirwa bitewe no guterura no kunanirwa kubera kunyerera muri rusange ntabwo ari byinshi.
Kunanirwa na Lift-off biterwa nakazi katezimbere imbere yimbere ya clampbar hejuru.Imbaraga zo gufatira kumbere yimbere ya clampbar nibyo ahanini birwanya ibi.Kwizirika kumpera yinyuma ntacyo bigira kuko byegeranye aho clampbar iri guterwa.Mubyukuri ni kimwe cya kabiri cyingufu zose zifatika zirwanya kuzamura.
Kurundi ruhande kunyerera birwanya imbaraga zose zo gufatana ariko hakoreshejwe gusa guterana bityo rero kurwanya nyabyo biterwa na coefficient de fraisement hagati yakazi hamwe nubuso bwa magneti.
Kubyuma bisukuye kandi byumye coefficente yo guterana irashobora kuba hejuru ya 0.8 ariko niba amavuta ahari noneho birashobora kuba munsi ya 0.2.Mubisanzwe bizaba ahantu hagati yuburyo bwo gutandukanya kunanirwa kunanirwa mubisanzwe biterwa no kunyerera, ariko kugerageza kongera ubushyamirane hejuru ya magneti wasangaga bidakwiye.
Ubushobozi bwo kubyimba:
Kumubiri wa E-magnet yumubiri wa 98mm z'ubugari na 48mm zubujyakuzimu hamwe na coil ya ampere-3.800, uburebure bwuzuye bwo kugonda ni 1.6mm.Ubu mubyimba bukoreshwa kumpapuro zombi hamwe na aluminiyumu.Hazabaho gufatana gake kurupapuro rwa aluminiyumu ariko bisaba umuriro muke kugirango uwunamye kuburyo ibi byishyura muburyo bwo gutanga ubushobozi busa bwubwoko bwicyuma.
Hagomba kubaho caveats ku bushobozi bwo kugunama buvuzwe: Icy'ingenzi ni uko imbaraga z'umusaruro w'icyuma zishobora gutandukana cyane.Ubushobozi bwa 1,6mm bukoreshwa mubyuma bifite imbaraga zingana na MPa 250 na aluminiyumu hamwe numusaruro ugera kuri MPa 140.
Ubunini bwubunini mubyuma bidafite ingese ni 1.0mm.Ubu bushobozi buri munsi cyane ugereranije nibindi byuma byinshi kuko ibyuma bidafite ingese mubisanzwe ntabwo ari magnetique kandi nyamara bifite impungenge nyinshi zumusaruro.
Ikindi kintu ni ubushyuhe bwa rukuruzi.Niba magnet yemerewe gushyuha noneho guhangana na coil bizaba hejuru kandi ibi nabyo bizatera gushushanya gake hamwe ningaruka zo hasi za ampere-nimbaraga zo gufatana hasi.(Ingaruka mubisanzwe iringaniye kandi ntibishobora gutuma imashini idahura nibisobanuro byayo).
Ubwanyuma, ubushobozi buke Magnabends irashobora gukorwa mugihe igice cya magneti cyakozwe kinini.