AMATEKA MAGNABEND YITERAMBERE N'IMIKORESHEREZE
Itangiriro ry'igitekerezo:
Kera muri 1974 nari nkeneye gukora udusanduku two guturamo imishinga ya elegitoroniki.Kugirango nkore ibi, nihinduye ububiko bwububiko butavanze cyane mubice bibiri byicyuma gifatanye hamwe kandi mfashe muburyo bubi.Kuvuga make byari bibi cyane gukoresha kandi ntabwo bihindagurika cyane.Nahise mfata umwanzuro ko igihe kigeze cyo gukora ikintu cyiza.
Nabonye rero uburyo bwo gukora ububiko 'bukwiye'.Ikintu cyampangayikishije ni uko imiterere yo gufatana yagombaga guhambirwa ku mashini ya mashini haba ku mpera cyangwa inyuma kandi ibi bigiye kunyura mu bintu bimwe na bimwe nashakaga gukora.Noneho nakoze gusimbuka kwizera ndavuga nti ... Nibyo, reka reka guhambira imiterere yo gufatisha hasi, nabikora nte?
Hariho uburyo bumwe bwo guhagarika iyo sano?
Urashobora gufata ku kintu utagifatanije nacyo?
Ibyo byasaga nkibibazo bisekeje kubaza ariko namaze gutegura ikibazo murubwo buryo naje kubona igisubizo gishoboka: -
Urashobora guhindura ibintu udafite aho uhurira na byo ... ukoresheje FIELD!
Nari nzi kubyerekeye amashanyarazi *, imirima ya rukuruzi *, hamwe na magnetiki *.Ariko birashoboka?Byaba byiza koko?
(* Nkuruhande birashimishije kumenya ko siyanse igezweho itarasobanura neza uburyo "imbaraga ziri kure" zikora).
Ibyakurikiyeho biracyari kwibuka neza.
Nari mu mahugurwa yo murugo kandi hari nyuma ya saa sita z'ijoro nigihe cyo kuryama, ariko sinshobora kunanira ikigeragezo cyo kugerageza iki gitekerezo gishya.
Bidatinze, nabonye urusaku rw'amafarashi n'igice cy'umuringa wa shim.Nshyize umuringa wa shim hagati ya magneti na 'umuzamu' maze nunama umuringa n'urutoki rwanjye!
Eureka!Cyakoze.Umuringa wari ufite uburebure bwa 0.09mm gusa ariko ihame ryashyizweho!
(Ifoto ibumoso niyongera kubaka igeragezwa ryumwimerere ariko ikoresha ibice bimwe).
Nari nezerewe kuko nabonye, kuva nkitangira, ko niba igitekerezo gishobora gukorwa kugirango gikore muburyo bufatika noneho byerekana igitekerezo gishya muburyo bwo gukora urupapuro.
Bukeye mbwira mugenzi wanjye dukorana, Tony Grainger, ibitekerezo byanjye.Yarishimye cyane kandi ashushanya igishushanyo mbonera cya electronique kuri njye.Yakoze kandi kubara kubijyanye nimbaraga zishobora kugerwaho na electromagnet.Tony yari umuntu uzi ubwenge nari nzi kandi nagize amahirwe yo kumugira mugenzi wanjye kandi nkagira ubumenyi buke.
Nibyiza ubanza byasaga nkigitekerezo gishobora gukora gusa kubipima buke buke ariko byari binteye inkunga yo kuntera inkunga yo gukomeza.
Iterambere ryambere:
Muminsi mike yakurikiyeho nabonye ibice byibyuma, insinga z'umuringa, hamwe na rectifier maze nubaka ububiko bwanjye bwa mbere bwa electro-magnetic!Ndacyafite mu mahugurwa yanjye:
Igice cya electro-magnet yiyi mashini niyumwimerere.
(Inkingi yimbere hamwe no kumanika ibiti byerekanwe hano byahinduwe nyuma).
Nubwo ahubwo ari ikinyabupfura iyi mashini yakoze!
Nkuko biteganijwe mugihe cyambere cyanjye cya eureka, mubyukuri umurongo wo gufunga ntiwagombaga guhuzwa na base yimashini kumpera, inyuma, cyangwa ahandi.Gutyo, imashini yari ifunguye rwose kandi irakinguye.
Ariko urufunguzo rufunguye rushobora kugaragara gusa mugihe impeta zo kumanika ibiti nazo zidasanzwe.
Mu mezi ari imbere nakoze ku gice cya-hinge nise 'igikombe-hinge', nubaka imashini ikora neza (Mark II), natanze ibyemezo by'agateganyo hamwe n'ibiro bishinzwe ipatanti bya Ositarariya nanjye ndagaragara kuri gahunda ya tereviziyo ya ABC yitwa "Abavumbuzi".Ivumburwa ryanjye ryatoranijwe nkuwatsinze icyo cyumweru nyuma njya gutoranywa nkumwe mubarangije uwo mwaka (1975).
Ibumoso hari bender ya Mark II nkuko byerekanwe i Sydney nyuma yo kugaragara kumukino wanyuma wabavumbuzi.
Yakoresheje verisiyo yateye imbere ya 'cup hinge' nkuko bigaragara hano:
Muri 1975 Nahuye na Geoff Fenton mu nama y’ishyirahamwe ryabavumbuzi i Hobart (3 Kanama 1975).Geoff yari ashishikajwe cyane no guhanga "Magnabend" hanyuma agaruka iwanjye nyuma yinama kugirango tuyirebe neza.Iyi yagombaga kuba intangiriro yubucuti burambye na Geoff hanyuma nyuma yubufatanye mubucuruzi.
Geoff yari umunyeshuri wize ibijyanye na Engineering kandi ni we wihimbye cyane.Yahise abona akamaro ko kugira igishushanyo mbonera cyemerera imashini kumenya ubushobozi bwayo bwuzuye.
'Igikombe cyanjye' cyakoraga ariko gifite ibibazo bikomeye kumpande zirenga 90 dogere.
Geoff yashimishijwe cyane na hinges idafite hagati.Uru rwego rwa hinge rushobora gutanga pivoti hafi yikintu gishobora kuba hanze yuburyo bwimikorere ubwayo.
Umunsi umwe (1 Gashyantare 1976) Geoff yahindutse ashushanya ibintu bidasanzwe kandi bishya bigaragara.Natangaye!Sinari narigeze mbona ikintu kiri kure nkacyo!
(Reba igishushanyo ibumoso).
Namenye ko ubu ari uburyo bwahinduwe bwa pantografi irimo 4-ihuza.Ntabwo twigeze dukora verisiyo ikwiye yiyi hinge ariko hashize amezi make Geoff yazanye verisiyo nziza twakoze.
Igice cyambukiranya verisiyo yatunganijwe irerekanwa hepfo:
'Amaboko' yiyi hinge abikwa kubangikanye nabanyamuryango nyamukuru ba pivoti.Ibi murashobora kubibona kumafoto hepfo.Inkongoro zigomba gufata ijanisha rito ryumutwaro wose.
Kwigana ubu buryo birerekanwa muri videwo ikurikira.(Ndashimira Dennis Aspo kuriyi simulation).
https://youtu.be/wKxGH8nq-tM
Nubwo ubu buryo bwa hinge bwakoraga neza, ntabwo bwigeze bushyirwa kumashini ya Magnabend.Ingaruka zayo ni uko itatanze kuzenguruka kuri dogere 180 yuzuye yumurongo wunamye kandi nanone wasangaga ifite ibice byinshi muri yo (nubwo ibice byinshi byari bimwe kimwe).
Indi mpamvu yatumye iyi hinge itamenyera nuko Geoff yaje kuzana ibye:
Triaxial Hinge:
Inzira ya triaxial yatangaga dogere 180 yuzuye yo kuzunguruka kandi yari yoroshye kuberako yari ikeneye ibice bike, nubwo ibice ubwabyo byari bigoye.
Inzira ya triaxial yateye imbere mubyiciro byinshi mbere yo kugera kubishushanyo mbonera.Twise ubwoko butandukanye The Trunnion Hinge, The Spherical Internal Hinge na The Spherical External Hinge.
Igice cyo hanze cyigana muri videwo ikurikira (Urakoze kuri Jayson Wallis kubwiyi simulation):
https://youtu.be/t0yL4qIwyYU
Ibishushanyo byose byasobanuwe mu nyandiko ya Amerika yo muri Amerika. (PDF)
Kimwe mu bibazo bikomeye hamwe na Magnabend hinge nuko ntahantu ho kubishyira!
Impera yimashini irasohoka kuko dushaka ko imashini ifunguka-irangiye, igomba rero kujya ahandi.Mu byukuri nta cyumba kiri hagati yimbere yimbere yigitereko cyunamye no mumaso yinyuma ya pole yimbere ya magneti.
Kugirango dukore icyumba dushobora gutanga iminwa kumurongo wunamye no kumurongo wimbere ariko iyi minwa ibangamira imbaraga zumurongo wunamye hamwe nimbaraga zo gufatira kuri rukuruzi.(Urashobora kubona iyi minwa kumafoto ya pantograf hinge hejuru).
Gutyo, igishushanyo cya hinge kibujijwe gukenera kunanuka kugirango iminwa mito ikenewe gusa kandi ikeneye kubyimba kugirango ikomere bihagije.Kandi nanone gukenera kutagira hagati kugirango utange pivot igaragara, nibyiza hejuru yakazi-hejuru ya rukuruzi.
Ibi bisabwa byari murwego rurerure cyane, ariko igishushanyo mbonera cya Geoff cyakemuye neza ibisabwa, nubwo ibikorwa byinshi byiterambere (byongerewe byibuze imyaka 10) byari bikenewe kugirango tubone ubwumvikane bwiza.
Niba ubisabwe nshobora kwandika ingingo yihariye kuri hinges niterambere ryabo ariko kuri ubu tuzasubira mumateka:
Amasezerano yo gukora-munsi-yimpushya:
Mu myaka iri imbere twasinyanye amasezerano menshi "Gukora-munsi-yimpushya":
6 Gashyantare 1976: Nova Machinery Pty Ltd, Parike ya Osborne, Perth y'Uburengerazuba bwa Ositaraliya.
31 Ukuboza 1982: Thalmann Constructions AG, Frauenfeld, Ubusuwisi.
12 Ukwakira 1983: Roper Whitney Co, Rockford, Illinois, Amerika.
Ku ya 1 Ukuboza 1983: Uruganda rukora imashini ya Jorg, Amersfoort, Ubuholandi
(Amateka menshi niba abisabwe nababishaka).